- 157 de mes articles scientifiques originaux sont repris à la date du 21 janvier 2001 sur le site "PubMed" des NIH [National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health, Public Health Service, USA] ( http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov )
- Auteur de six livres.
- Environ 200 articles de synthèse et chapitres de livres.
La liste ci-dessous comporte une sélection d'une partie de ces références bibliographiques, organisées de la manière suivante:
- Publications depuis mon arrivée à Paris (le 1er septembre 1995)
- Sélection de trois livres principaux.
- Sélection de vingt articles originaux publiés avant mon arrivée à Paris (de 1967 à 1995).
1. Sélection de trois livres principaux
1. Philippe EVRARD and Alexandre MINKOWSKI. Developmental Neurobiology. Raven Press, New York, 1989, 315 pages (livre publié en langue américaine).
2. Philippe EVRARD et Marc TARDIEU. Progrès en Pédiatrie: Neuropédiatrie. Doin, Paris, 2000, 284 pages (livre publié en langue française).
3. Gilles LYON et Philippe EVRARD. Neuropédiatrie, 2ème édition. Masson, Paris, 2001, 544 pages (livre publié en langue française et en langue espagnole).
2. Articles originaux publiés depuis le 1er septembre 1995
2001
1. LAUDENBACH V, CALO G, GUERRINI R, LAMBOLEY G, BENOIST JF, EVRARD P, GRESSENS P. Nociceptin/orphanin FQ exacerbates excitotoxic white-matter lesions in the murine neonatal brain. J Clin Invest. 2001, 107(4):457-66.
2. SAHIR N, MAS C, BOURGEOIS F, SIMONNEAU M, EVRARD P, GRESSENS P. Caffeine-induced telencephalic vesicle evagination in early post-implantation involves camp-dependent protein kinase (PKA) inhibition. Cerebral Cortex. 2001, 11 (4): 343-349.
3. SPEDDING M, EVRARD P, GRESSENS P. Neuroprotection in the newborn infant: interactions between stress, glutamate and development. Dev Med Child Neurol. 2001, 86s: 10-12.
4. SFAELLO I, CASTELNAU P, BLANC N, OGIER H, EVRARD P, & ARZIMANOGLOU A. Infantile spasms and Menkes disease. Epileptic Disord. 2000, 2(4): 227-230.
5. TAHRAOUI SL, MARRET S, BODENANT C, LEROUX P, DOMMERGUES MA, EVRARD P, GRESSENS P. Central role of microglia in neonatal excitotoxic lesions of the murine periventricular white matter. Brain Pathology. 2001, 11: 56-71.
2000
1. DOMMERGUES MA, PATKAI J, RENAULD JC, EVRARD P, GRESSENS P. Pro-inflammatory cytokines and IL-9 exacerbate excitotoxic lesions of the newborn murine neopallium. Ann. Neurol., 2000, 47:54-63.
2. Gerard B, Ginet N, Matthijs G, Evrard P, Baumann C, Da Silva F, Gerard-Blanluet M, Mayer M, Grandchamp B, Elion J. Genotype determination at the survival motor neuron locus in a normal population and SMA carriers using competitive PCR and primer extension. Hum Mutat. 2000 Sep;16(3):253-63.
3. GRESSENS P, ARQUIE C, HILL JM, MARRET S, SAHIR N, ROBBERECHT P, EVRARD P. VIP and PACAP 38 modulate ibotenate-induced neuronal heterotopias in the newborm hamster neocortex. J Neuropath Exp Neurol. 2000, 59: 1051-1062.
4. Gressens P, Baes M, Leroux P, Lombet A, Van Veldhoven P, Janssen A, Vamecq J, Marret S, Evrard P . Neuronal migration disorder in Zellweger mice is secondary to glutamate receptor dysfunction. Ann Neurol. 2000 Sep;48(3):336-43.
5. LY A, BOUCHAUD C, HENIN D, SANSON M, DELATTRE JY, PAN Y, ANTHONY D, DUC HT, EVRARD P, TROJAN J. Expression of insulin-like growth factor-I in rat glioma cells is associated change in both immunogenicity and apoptosis. Neurosci Lett. 2000, 28: 13-16.
6. REDECKER C, HAGEMANN G, GRESSENS P, EVRARD P, WITTE O. Korticale dysgenesien: aktuelle aspekte zur genese und pathophysiologie von störungen der hirnrindenentwicklung. Nervenartz. 2000, 71:238-248.
7. SAHIR N, BAHI N, EVRARD P, 1 GRESSENS P. Caffeine induces in vivo premature appearance of telencephalic vesicles. Dev Brain Res. 2000, 121:213-217.
8. SFAELLO I, CASTELNAU P, BLANC N, OGIER de BAULNY H, EVRARD P, ARZIMANOGLOU A. Infantile spasms and Menkes disease. Epileptic Disord. 2000, 2(4):227-230.
9. ZUPAN V, NEHLIG A, EVRARD P, GRESSENS P. Prenatal blockade of vasoactive inestinal peptide alters cell death and synaptic equipment in the murine neocortex. Pediatr. Res., 2000, 47:53-63
1999
1. BONNIER C, NASSOGNE MC, EVRARD P. Ketanserin treatment of Tourette's syndrome in children. Am J Psychiatry. 1999, 156: 11122-1123. GB/M
2. GRESSENS P, BESSE L, FRIDKIN M, GOZES I., ROBBERECHT P., EVRARD P. Systemic administration of VIP derivatives and neuroprotection of the developing brain against excitotoxic lesions. J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther., 1999, 288 : 1207-1213. GB/M.
3. GRESSENS P, MARRET S, BODÉNANT C, SCHWENDIMANN L, EVRARD P. Activity-dependent neurotrophic factor-14 requires protein kinase C and mitogen-associated protein kinase kinase activation to protect the developing mouse brain against excitotoxicity. J Mol Neurosci. 1999 Aug-Oct;13(1-2):199-210.
4. LAMBOLEY G, EVRARD P, GRESSENS P. Inhibition prénatale du peptide vasoactif intestinal et lésions cérébrales excitotoxiques du souriceau nouveau-né. Arch. Pediatr., 1999, 6 : 67-74.
5. MARRET S, BONNIER C, RAYMAEKERS JM, DELPECH A, EVRARD P, GRESSENS P. Systemic administration of anti-NOS and anti-glycine protects against excitotoxic lesions in the developing mouse brain. Pediatr. Res., 1999, 45 : 337-341.
6. RYBOJAD M, MORAILLON I, BONAFE JL, CAMBON L, EVRARD P. La dysplasie pilaire: un marqueur précoce de la neuropathie à axone géant. Ann Dermatol 1998, 125: 892-893.
7. SIMONNEAU M ET EVRARD P. Sensorialité du fœtus: des molécules aux circuits neuronaux. In: La douleur en obstétrique. Souffrances maternelles et souffrances fœtales. P. Edelman, éditeur scientifique. Institut Théramex. Paris, 1999, pages 33-40. FR/A.
1998
1. Bac P, Maurois P, Dupont C, Pages N, Stables JP, Gressens P, Evrard P, Vamecq J. Magnesium deficiency-dependent audiogenic seizures (MDDAS) in adult mice : a nutritional model for discriminatory screening of anticonvulsivant drugs and original assessment of neuroprotection properties. J. Neurosci., 1998, 18: 4363-4373.
2. BARKOVICH AJ, FERRIERO DM, BARR RM, GRESSENS P, DOBYNS WB, TRUWIT CL, EVRARD P. Microlissencephaly: a heterogeneous malformation of cortical development. Neuropediatrics. 1998, 29: 113-119.
3. DEHAN M, EVRARD P, FESSARD C, GABILAN JC. Séquelles neurologiques de la grande prématurité: un espoir de prévention ? Archives de Pédiatrie. 1998, 5: 480-483.
4. DOMMERGUES MA, GALLEGO J, EVRARD P, GRESSENS P. Iron suplementation aggravates periventricular cystic white matter lesion in newborn mice. Eur J Paediatr Neurol., 1998, 2: 313-318.
5. DUPREZ T, GHARIANI S, GRANDIN C, SMITH AM, GADISSEUX JF, EVRARD P. Focal seizure-induced premature myelination: speculation from serial MRI. Neuroradiology 1998, 40: 580-582. GB/M
6. GRESSENS P, COLLIN P, LEBARBIER P, HUSSON I, PENNEÇOT G, BLOT P, BONNIER C, EVRARD P. Le diagnostic prénatal et le devenir des spina bifida. Arch. Pediatr., 1998, 5: 1004-1008. FR/M
7. GRESSENS P, MARRET S, MARTIN JL, LAQUERRIERE A, LOMBET A, EVRARD P. Regulation of neuroprotective action of vasoactive intestinal peptide in the murine developing brain by protein kinase C and mitogen-activated protein kinase cascades: in vivo and in vitro studies. J Neurochem . 1998, 70: 2574-2584.
8. GRESSENS P, MARRET S, TAHRAOUI SL, LAMBOLEY G, EVRARD P. Les dysgénésies corticales focales : rôle de la cascade excitotoxique. Epilepsies, 1998, 10: 169-179, R. FR/A
9. GRESSENS P., PAINDAVEINE B., HILL JM., EVRARD P., BRENNEMAN DE. Vasoactive intestinal peptide shortens both G1 and S phases of cell cycle in whole cultured mouse embryos. Eur J Neurosci 1998, 10: 1734-1742.
10. MARRET S, BONNIER C, RAYMACKERS JM, DELPECH A, EVRARD P, GRESSENS P. Glycine antagonist and NO° synthase inhibitor protect the developing mouse brain against neonatal excitotoxic lesions. Pediatric Research. In press.
11. Marret S, V. Zupan, P. Gressens, H. Lagercrantz, P. Evrard. Les leucomalacies périventriculaires. Aspects histologiques et éthiopathogéniques. Arch Pédiatr 1998, 5: 525-537.
12. Marret S, V. Zupan, P. Gressens, H. Lagercrantz, P. Evrard. Les leucomalacies périventriculaires. Diagnostic, séquelles et neuroprotection. Arch Pédiatr 1998, 5: 538-545.
13. NASSOGNE MC, EVRARD P, COURTOY C. Selective direct toxicity of cocaine on fetal mouse neurons. Teratogenic implications of neurite and apoptotic neuronal loss. Annals New York Academy Sciences. 1998, 846: 51-68.
14. NASSOGNE MC, GRESSENS P, EVRARD P, and COURTOY PJ. In contrast to cocaine, prenatal exposure to methadone does not produce detectable alterations in the developing mouse brain. Dev Brain Research. 1998, 110: 61-67.
15. REDECKER C, HAGEMANN g, MARRET S, EVRARD P, WITTE O.W., GRESSENS P. Long-term evolution of excitotoxic cortical dysgenesis induced in the developing rat brain. Dev Brain Res . 1998, 1198, 109: 109-113.
16. REDECKER C, LUTZENBURG M, GRESSENS P, EVRARD P, WITTE OW, HAGEMANN G. Patterns of excitability changes and glucose metabolism in experimentally induced cortical dysplasias. Cereb. Cortex, 1998, 8 : 623-634. GB/M.
17. ZUPAN V., HILL JM., BRENNEMAN DE., GOZES I., FRIDKIN M., ROBBERECHT P., EVRARD P., GRESSENS P. Involvement of PACAP II VIP² receptor in mouse neocortical astrocytogenesis. J Neurochem 1998, 70: 2165-2173.
1997
1. BAES M., GRESSENS P., BAUMGART E., CASTEELS M., FRANSEN M., CARMELIET P., EVRARD P., FAHIMI D., DECLERCQ PE., COLLEN D., VAN VEDHOVEN PP., MANNAERTS GP. Peroxisome deficiency induces abnormal brain development and intrauterine growth retardisation in Zellweger mice. Nat Genet 1997 ; 17 : 49-57.
2. DUPREZ TP, GRANDIN C, GADISSEUX JF, DE VOLDER A, THAUVOY C, KEYEUX A, & EVRARD P. MR-monitored remitting-remapsing pattern of cortical involvement in Rasmussen syndrome: comparative evaluation of serial MR and PET/SPECT features. J Comput Assist Tomogr. 1997,21: 900-904.
3. EVRARD P. Neuroprotection. Editorial. Dev Med Child Neurol. 1997, 39: 717.
4. EVRARD P. Genetic and environmental determinants of neocortical development. Pediatr Pulmonol 1997 ; 16 : 213-215.
5. EVRARD P, MARRET S, et GRESSENS P. La «uroprotection» du cerveau en développement. Bulletin et Mémoires de l'Académie Royale de Médecine de Belgique. 1997, 152: 159-165.
6. Evrard P, S. Marret, P. Gressens. Environmental and genetic determinants of neuronal migration and post-migratory survival. Acta Paediatr (Scandinav), 1997, 422 : 20-26.
7. Evrard P, S. Marret, P. Gressens. Genetic and environmental determinants of neocortical development : clinical applications. In: "Normal and abnormal development of cortex". AM Galaburda/Y Christen (eds), Springer-Verlag, Berlin, 1997, 165177.
8. EXPERTISE COLLECTIVE INSERM (Michel DEHAN, Philippe EVRARD, Françoise FERRE, Monique KAMINSKI, Jacques de MOUZON, Israël NISAND, Léandre POURCELOT et Claude SUREAU). Grande Prématurité. Dépistage et Prévention du Risque. Editions INSERM, Paris, 1997, 278 pages.
9. Gressens P, S. Marret, P. Evrard. La neuroprotection du cerveau du nouveau-né. Progrès en Néonatalogie. 1997, 17, 40-61.
10. GRESSENS P., MARRET S., HILL JM., BRENNEMAN DE., GOZES I., FRIDKIN I., EVRARD P. Vasoactive intestinal peptide prevents excitotoxic hypoxic-like cell death in the murine developing brain. J Clin Invest 1997 ; 100 : 390-397.
11. GRESSENS P., MUAKU S., BESSE L., NSEGBE E., GALLEGO J., DELPECH B., GAULTIER Cl., EVRARD P., KETELSLEGERS P., MAITER D. Maternal protein restriction early in rat pregnancy alters brain developement in the progeny. Dev Brain Res 1997 ; 103 : 21-35.
12. GRESSENS P., PAINDAVEINE B., HILL JM., BRENNEMAN DE., EVRARD P. Growth factor properties of VIP during early brain development : whole embryo cultures and in vivo studies. Ann N Y Acad Sci 1997 ; 814 : 152-160.
13. MARRET S., GRESSENS P., VAN MAELE-FABRY G., PICARD JJ., EVRARD P. Caffeine-induced disturbances of early neurogenesis in whole mouse embryo cultures. Brain Res 1997 ; 773 : 213-216.
14. NASSOGNE MC, LOUAED J, EVRARD P, & COURTOY PJ. Cocaine induces apoptosis in cortical neurons of fetal mice. J Neurochem 1997, 68: 2442-2450.
1996
1. BARKOVICH AJ, KUZNIECKY RI, DOBYNS WB, JACKSON GD, BECKER LE, & EVRARD P. A classification scheme for malformations of cortical development. Neuropediatrics. 1996, 27: 59-63.
2. BONNIER C., NASSOGNE MC., EVRARD P. Outcome and prognosis of the whiplash shaken infant syndrome : late consequences after a long developmental free interval. Dev Med Child Neurol 1996 ; 37 : 943-956.
3. BONNIER C., NASSOGNE M.C., MOULIN D., & EVRARD P. Le syndrome de l'enfant secoué. Louvain Médical. 1996, 115: 413-420.
4. CARMELIET P., MACKMAN N., MOONS L., LUTHER T., GRESSENS P., VAN VLAENDEREN I., DEMUNCK H., BREIER G., EVRARD P., MULLER M., RISAU W., EDGINGTON T., COLLEN D. Role of the cellular receptor tissue factor in embryonic blood vessel developement. Nature 1996 ; 383 : 173-175.
5. DUPREZ TP, GRANDIN CB, BONNIER C, THAUVOY CW, GADISSEUX JF, DUTRIEUX JL, & EVRARD P. Whipple disease confined to the central nervous system in childhood. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 1996, 17: 1589-1591.
6. EVRARD P., GADISSEUX J.F. & GRESSENS P.Hypoxia opportunism during brain development. In: «Acute Perinatal Asphyxia in Term Infants». Linda L Wright, Gerald B. Merenstein, and Deborah Hirtz, eds., National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, NIH Publication # 96-3823, US Department of Health and Human Services, publ., 1996, pages 43-50 and 55-60
7. Evrard P, P. Gressens, S. Marret, G. Willems, A. Van Hout. Le développement et les apprentissages. Arch Pédiatr, 1996, 3, 44-52.
8. EVRARD P, NASSOGNE MC, OGIER de BAULNY H, FERNANDEZ-ALVAREZ E, & BONNIER C. Clinical synthesis and investigation protocol: «trapyramidal» signs, clinical orientation. Arch Pediatr. 1996, 3: 176s-178s.
9. Gressens P, S. Marret, P Evrard. Developmental spectrum of excitotoxic cascade induced by ibotenate : a model of hypoxic insults in fetuses and neonates. Neuropathol Applied Neurol, 1996, 22, 498-502.
10. Marret S, P. Gressens, P Evrard. Arrest of neuronal migration by excitatory amino acids in hamster developing brain. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA, 1996, 93, 15463-15468.
1995
1. BONNIER C, NASSOGNE MC, & EVRARD P. Outcome and prognosis of whiplash shaken infant syndrome; late consequences after a symptom-free interval. Dev Med Child Neurol 1995, 37: 943-956.
2. COHEN-TANNOUDJI M., MARCHAND P., AKLI S., SHEARDOWN S., PUECH JP., KRESS C., GRESSENS P., NASSOGNE MC., BECCARI T., MUGGLETON-HARRIS A., EVRARD P., STIRLING J., POENARU L., BABINET C. Disruption of murine hexa gene leads to enzymatic deficiency and to neuronal lysosomal storage, similar to that observed in Tay-Sachs disease. Mamm Genome 1995 ; 6 : 844-849.
3. DE VOLDER A., J.F. GADISSEUX, C. MICHEL, J.M. MALOTEAUX, A. BOL, C. GRANDIN, T. DUPREZ, and P. EVRARD - Brain glucose utilization in band heterotopias: functional activity of the "double cortex". Pediatric Neurology. 11: 290-294, 1995.
4. Evrard P, S. Marret, P. Gressens. Environmental determinants of the brain development, with a special emphasis on excitotoxic cascade. In : "Aktuelle Neuropedïatrie ". D. Räting (ed), Ciba-Geigy Verlag Wehr, Heidelberg, 1995, 22-33.
5. GOFFLOT F., NASSOGNE MC., ETZION T., VAN MAELE-FABRY G., EVRARD P., PICARD J. In vitro neuroteratogenicity of valproic acid (VPA) and 4-EN-VPA. Neurotoxicol Teratol 1995 ; 17 : 425-435.
6. HERINCK C, GEGGOUJ N, GERSDORFF M, EVRARD P, & GUERIT JM. Syndrome de Guillain-Barré et hypoacousie. Acta Otorhinolaryngol Belg 1995, 49: 63-67.
7. Marret P, P. Evrard. Le nouveau-né hypotonique. Progrès en Néonatalogie, 1995,15: 159-177.
8. Marret S, R. Mukendi, P. Gressens, J-F. Gadisseux, P. Evrard. Effect of ibotenate on brain development: an excitotoxic mouse model of microgyria and post-hypoxic like lesions. J Neuropath Exp Neurol , 1995, 54, 358-370.
9. MARRET S., GRESSENS P., GADISSEUX JF., EVRARD P. Prevention by magnesium of excitotoxic neuronal death in the developing brain : an animal model for clinical intervention studies. Dev Med Child Neurol 1995 ; 37 : 473-484.
10. MBONDA E., CLAUS D., BONNIER C., GADISSEUX JF., EVRARD P., LYON G. Prolonged dysphagia caused by congenital pharyngeal dysfunction. J Pediatr 1995 ; 126 : 923-92.
11. NASSOGNE MC., EVRARD P., COURTOY P. Selective neuronal of cocaine in embryonic mouse brain co-cultures. Proc Nat Acad Sci USA 1995 ; 92 : 11029-11033.
3.Sélection de vingt articles originaux publiés de 1967 à 1995
1) Transplacental cocaine exposure: a mouse model demonstrating neuroanatomic and behavioral abnormalities. Journal of Child Neurology. 9 : 234-241, 1994 (B.D. Kosofsky, A.S. Wilkins, P. Gressens, and P. Evrard).
2) The glial fascicle: an ontogenic and phylogenic unit guiding, supplying and distributing mammalian cortical neurons. Developmental Brain Research. 76, 272-277, 1993 (P. Gressens and P. Evrard).
3) Formation, Maturation, and Disorders of Brain Neocortex. American Journal of Neuroradiology. 13, 423-446, 1992 (J. Barkovich, P. Gressens, and P. Evrard).
4) Cocaine-induced disturbances of neurogenesis in the developing murine brain. Neuroscience Letters. 140, 113-116, 1992 (P. Gressens, B.E. Kosofsky, and P. Evrard).
5) Ethanol-induced disturbances of gliogenesis and neuronogenesis in the developing murine brain. Alcohol and Alcoholism (Pergamon Press). 27, 219-226, 1992 (P. Gressens, M. Lammens, J.J. Picard, and P. Evrard).
6) Brain defects in infants with Potter syndrome (oligohydramnios sequence). Pediatric Pathology. 13, 519-536, 1993 (H.J. Kadhim, M. Lammens, S. Gosseye, J.F. Gadisseux, and P. Evrard).
7) Early neurogenesis and teratogenesis in whole mouse embryo cultures. Journal of Neuropathology and Experimental Neurology. 51, 206-219, 1992 (P. Gressens, F. Gofflot, G. Van Maele-Fabry, J.P. Misson, J.F. Gadisseux, P. Evrard, and J.J. Picard).
8) The germinative zone produces the most cortical astrocytes after neuronal migration in the developing mammalian brain. Biology of the Neonate. 61: 4-24, 1992 (P. Gressens, C. Richelme, H.J. Kadhim, J.F. Gadisseux, and P. Evrard).
9) The nonprogressive type II hereditary sensory autonomic neuropathy: a new clinico-pathological entity and a homogeneous disease. Journal of Child Neurology. 7, 364-370, 1992 (G. Ferrière, F. Guzzetta, S. Kulakowski, and P. Evrard).
10) Formation, Maturation, and Disorders of Brain Neocortex. American Journal of Neuroradiology. 13, 423-446, 1992 (J. Barkovich, P. Gressens, and P. Evrard).
11) Neuron migration within the radial glial fiber system of the developing murine cerebrum: an electron microscopic autoradiographic analysis. Developmental Brain Research, 52, 39-56, 1990 (J.F. GAdisseux, H.J. Kadhim, P. van den Bosch de Aguilar, V.S. Caviness, and P. Evrard).
12) Pathology of prenatal encephalopathies. In : Child Neurology and Developmental Disabilities. Joseph French et al., Eds. Paul H. Brookes, Publisher, Baltimore, 153-176, 1989, Baltimore (P. Evrard, P. de Saint-Georges, H.J. Kadhim, and J.F. Gadisseux).
13) Topographical and cytological evolution of the glial phase during prenatal development of the human brain. Journal of Neuropathology and Experimental Neurology, 47, 166-188, 1988 (H.J. Kadhim, J.F. Gadisseux, and P. Evrard).
14) Diagnostic anténatal des affections du système nerveux central : résultats d'une étude multicentrique européenne. Journal Français d'Echographie. 2, 123-126, 1985 (P. Evrard, M.C. Belpaire, G. Boog et al.).
15) Glial-neuronal relationship in the developing central nervous system. Developmental neuroscience. 7: 12-37, 1985 (J.F. Gadisseux and P. Evrard).
16) Progressive expanding congenital porencephalies : a treatable cause of progressive encephalopathy. Pediatrics, 1981, 68, 198-202 (M. Tardieu, P. Evrard et G. Lyon).
17) The development of laminated pattern in the mammalian neocortex. In: Morphogenesis and Pattern Formation. L.L. Brinckley, Ed. Raven Press, Publ. New York, 1981, 103-126 (M.C. Pinto-Lord, V.S. Caviness, and P. Evrard).
18) The Mechanism of Arrest of Neuronal Migration in the Zellweger Malformation : a cytoarchitectonic analysis. Acta Neuropathologica, 1978, 41, 109-117 (P. Evrard, V.S. Caviness, J. Prats-Vinas et G. Lyon).
19) Occipital encephalocele. A Pathologic and Anatomic Analysis. Acta Neuropathologica, 1975, 32, 245-255 (P. Evrard and V.S. Caviness).
20) Electron microscopic examination of subcellular fractions. The preparation of representative samples from suspension of particles. The Journal of Cell Biology, 1967, 32, 181-192 (P. Baudhuin, P. Evrard, J. Berthet).